Tool for expanding cylinder liners



Nov. 20, 1951 A. M. BRENNEKE TOOL. FOR EXPANDING CYLINDER LINERS FiledNov. 22, 1949 /Y QZ 5 Q1 @j d) Q0 QZ Q J2 J ZZ IN V EN TOR.

QfM/Yrenne@ Patented Nov. 20, v1951 TOOL` FOR EXPANDING CYLINDER LINERSArthur M. Brenneke, New Castle, Ind., assignor to Perfect CircleCorporation, Hagerstown, Ind., a corporation of Indiana ApplicationNovember 22, 1949, Serial No. 128,827

` 4 Claims.

The invention relates to a tool for assembling sleeves or liners incylinders, such as the cylinders of internal combustion engines,compressor or the like. v Y

In order to avoid the necessity of reboring worn engine cylinders and ofreplacing the original pistons and piston rings with oversized pistonsand rings to nt the rebored cylinders, engines have been built withcylinder liners in the form of thin sleeves which can be withdrawn whenWorn and replaced with new ones having stand ard hores. The use ofliners in cylinder blocks also permits use of cylinder block castingswhich could not be usedwithout liners because of imperfections inthecylinder bore surfaces, since a liner covers over such imperfections andprovides a `proper surface throughout the cylinder bore.

However, if a liner is to be employed, it must be in tight contact withthe cylinder casting at all times and under all conditions of operation.Thus, it must maintain such contact in order to provide proper heatconductivity. Such contact is also necessary to prevent any seepage ofoil between the liner and the cylinder block, since the oil wouldcarbonize and cause distortion of the liner when the engine cools onstopping. Such distortion would be cumulative by repeated operation andstopping of the engine and would become so great that it could not betolerated.

The general object of the invention is, therefore, to provide a noveltool for expanding a liner into a cylinder block, which effects thenecessary degree of intimate contact between the liner and the block.

Another important object is to provide a tool ofthe foregoing character,by which a large expanding force may be exerted against the liner with aminimum of effort required to operate the tool.

A further object is to provide a novel tool of the foregoing character,which may be both rotated in and moved longitudinally of the bore eitherseparately or simultaneously, and which is provided with rollingexpanding elements involving a minimum of friction in spite of the largeexpanding force exerted thereby.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section., of a toolembodying the features of the invention' and showing such tool in`operative position relative to a cylinder liner.

(Cl. S-80.5)

-2 Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3is a fragmentary sectional'vieW-similar to the lower end of Fig. l, butshowing a modified form of the tool.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

A tool embodying the features of theinvention is adapted to be insertedwithin the liner and utilizes fluid pressure to force expanding elementsradially outward into expanding en-` gagement with the liner. Thepressure fluidi-is applied directly to the expanding elements and thusminimizes the friction involved in operating the tool. The expandingelements are preferably in the form of rolling balls `which provide arelatively small area of contact with the liner' and have a relativelylarge area exposed to the pres? sure fluid so that a large expandingforce is ap plied to a relativelysmall area of the liner, Thusy theexpanding force is suilicient to expand a liner of the character hereincontemplated with only a moderate pressure in the pressure fluid. Theexpanding elements or balls are carried at the end of an elongated shaftby whichthey maybe readily inserted into the liner and, because of theirspherical character, they may both be rotated and moved longitudinallyof the liner with-` out undue friction. The pressure fluid may be eitherair or oil, and if `the latter is utilized, lubrication of the balls isthereby inherently provided for. With a tool of this character, aminimum of effortV is required to operate the tool in` effectingexpansion of a liner. y

As shown in the drawings, the illustrated ern-f bodiment of theinvention comprises a tubular shaft le, which is journaled in a sleeveII adjacent one end, and at its other end carries a head l2 in which aremounted the rolling expanding elements comprising balls I3. Pressureduid is" adapted to be supplied to the interior of the shaft I0 and inthe head l2 is a plurality of radial pasI sages Il! in which the ballsI3 are positioned.-

The radial passages I4 are in communicationl with the interior of theshaft I0 and, whilethe' head provides a closure for such interiorendwise 2, the shaft I0, adjacent its lower end, is provided with acollar` l5 rigidly secured to the shaft, as by welding, and below thecollar I5 the shaftv is In the particular form illustrated in Figs. landthreaded, as at I6. The head I2, which is generally cylindrical in form,is provided with a hub portion I1 in threaded engagement with thethreads I6 and abutting the collar I5 to prevent leakage of fluid alongthe threads. Beyond the end of the shaft I 0, the head I2 is providedwith a central cavity 20 from which the radial passages I4 extend. Inthe present instance, three passages I4 are shown with a ball I3 ineach. Thus, when pressure fluid is supplied through the shaft I0, thepressure of the fluid will be applied directly to the balls to force theballs I3 outwardly of the radial passages I4 and into contact with theinterior surface of a sleeve or liner 2I, which is here shown as beingmounted within a cylinder bore of a cylinder block 22. The pressure ofthe pressure fluid acting directly on the balls I3 forces them outwardlyinto expanding engagement with the liner 2|, thus eliminating thefriction occurring if mechanical expanding means were employed. In orderto prevent the balls from falling out of the head I2 when the tool isremoved from the liner, means may be provided at the ends of thepassages I4 to prevent, the balls from being moved completely out of thepassages I4, which means is here illustrated as a garter spring 23 ttingin an annular groove in the head I2. The supply of pressure fluid to theshaft I0, of course, is stopped before the tool is removed from theliner to prevent the balls from being forced out againstJ the retainingpressure of the garter spring 23.

The sleeve I I acts as a support for the shaft I and has a means throughwhich pressure fluid is supplied to the interior of the shaft. Tofunction as a support, the sleeve I I is mounted between two collars 24,rigidly secured to the shaft as by setscrews 25, the collars 24 being inabutment with the ends of the sleeve II. The sleeve is provided with aradially positioned threaded hole 26 into which an anchor barmay beinserted to hold the sleeve against rotation.

' To supply pressure uid to the interior of the shaft, the sleeve II,midway between its ends, is

provided with a radially positioned threaded aper-V vture 21, into whicha pipe fitting 30 may be fixed for connection to a hose leading to asource of pressure fluid. On the interior of the sleeve, the aperture 21opens into an annular groove 3| registering with an annular groove 32formed on the exterior of the shaft I. Leading from the annular groove32 to the interior of the shaft IIIv is a supply passage 33. Thus, asthe shaft rotates within the sleeve II, pressure uid may be intro--duced `into the interior of the shaft by the pipe fitting 30. theaperture 21, the annular grooves 3|- and 32, and the supply passage 33.On opposite sides of the pressure iiuid supply means, a pair of seals,vindicated generally at 34, are mounted in the sleeve adjacent thecollars 24 to prevent leakage along the shaft. The sleeve may also beprovided with annular lubricant-receiving grooves having fittings 35 forintroducing the lubricant, the lubricant grooves, of course, beingpositioned at opposite sides of the annular grooves 3I and 32.

The shaft III projects beyond the upper colla 24 and is provided, at itsouter end with a sealing plug 36 to prevent escape of pressure fluid inthat direction., It also maybe provided with a cross pin 31, by means ofwhich the shaft may be rotated. I

In operation, the head of the tool is inserted into the liner 2I whenthe latter has been positioned within the cylinder block 22. Pressure 4uid is then supplied to the interior of the shaft I0 through the fitting30, and the balls I3 are forced outwardly in the passages I4 intoexpanding contact with the interior surface of the liner 2|. It will benoted from inspection of Figs. 1 and 2 that the pressure fluid isapplied to the full diameter of the balls While the balls contact theliner only over a very limited area. Thus, the total force of thepressure fluid on the balls, when translated to the small area ofengagement of the balls with the liner, results in a very high expandingforce acting on the liner. The tool may be rotated within the liner,while pressure is applied to the balls, to expand the liner throughoutan annular path. If longitudinal movement is imparted to the tool at thesame time as rotary movement, then the path of expansion will be aspiral, or, of course, if merely longitudinal movement of the tool isemployed, a straight line of expansion results. However, in any case,the only friction occurring is that'bel tween the ball and the lineritself and between the balls I3 and the interior surfaces of theirpassages. Thus, far less friction is involved in the operation of thevdevice than in the vcase' where expanding elements are mechanicallyexpanded. If oil is the pressure uid that is used, then the slightclearance between the balls and their passages permits a lm of oil to becarried on the ball surfaces, lubricating the point of contact of theballs with the passage surfaces aswell as the point of contact of theballs with the liner.

It is, of course, contemplated that the tool will be reciprocated orrotated in'any ofthe foregoing, manners so that the liner 2I may beexpanded In actual practhroughout any area desired. tice, it has beenfound that with three balls o f 11A," diameter and utilizing oil at 150poundssures are exerted on all the balls at allV times.V This featureresults from the fact that the balls are independently movable, but,since they are all subjected to the same pressure, the tool --may shiftrelatively to the balls to centeritself within the bore. 1 v.

In Figs. 3 and 4, I have shown fragmentarilyY a modified form of tool inwhich six ballsr 4|)V are employed, there, of course, being six radialpassages 4I extending from the central cavity 20 in the head I2, inwhich the balls 40 arelocated. While, in this instance, a smaller totalforce is applied to each ball for a given fluid pressure, because'of thesmaller diameter of the balls, the sharper curvature of the ballsreduces the area of contact thereof with'the liner. In the modied formshown in these two figures, the means for retaining the balls withintheir passages 4I comprises reducing the diameter of the bores 4I attheir outer ends to a slight extent by peening over the margin of thepassages, as indicated at'42, the amount of peening being only suicientto provide a diameter at the outer ends of the passages 4I which isslightly less than the diameter of the balls G0. In this form of tool,however, the means for supplying pressure nuid to the interior of theshaft IIl may be the same as that shown in Fig. 1. 'l

I claim:

1. A tool for expanding a liner within a cylindrical bore, comprising arotatable tubular shaft having a head adapted to be inserted in the boreof the liner, said head having a plurality of radial passagescommunicating with the interior of the shaft, said shaft beingconnectible with a source of pressure fluid, and a plurality of ballsmounted in the respective passages, said pressure fluid being adapted tobe introduced by said tubular shaft into direct engagement with saidballs, whereby said balls are forced outwardly by the pressure fluidinto engagement with the liner.

2. A tool for expanding a, liner within a cylindrical bore, comprising arotatable tubular shaft adapted to be connected to a source of pressurefluid, a head mounted on one end of the shaft and having a plurality ofradial cylindrical passages having their inner ends communicating withthe interior of the shaft, and a plurality of balls mounted in therespective passages, said pressure fluid being adapted to be introducedby said tubular shaft into direct engagement with said balls, wherebysaid balls are forced outwardly by the pressure fluid, each ball havinga diameter substantially closing its associated passage to preventmaterial loss of pressure fluid about the ball but with sulcientclearance to permit the ball to roll when in contact with the liner.

3. A tool for expanding a liner within a cylindrical bore, comprising ahead adapted to be inserted into the bore of the liner and having aplurality of radial passages interconnected at their inner ends, aplurality of balls mounted in the respective passages, and means forsupporting said head and for supplying pressure fluid to the inner endsof said passages, to apply the pressure uid directly to said ballswhereby said balls are forced outwardly by the pressure fluid intoengagement with the liner.

4. A tool for expanding a liner within a cylindrical bore, comprising ahead adapted to be inserted into the bore of the liner and having aplurality of radial passages extending inwardly from the periphery ofthe head and interconnected at the inner ends, a plurality of ballsmounted in the respective passages, said head having an axiallyextending bore extending from the inner ends of said passages to one endof said head and a rotatable tubular shaft having one end secured insaid last-mentioned bore and adapted to be connected to a source ofpressure fluid, said shaft being adapted to supply the pressure uid tothe inner ends of said passage to apply it directly to said ballswhereby said balls are forced outwardly by pressure uid into engagementwith the liner.

ARTHUR M. BRENNEKE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 600,681 Sharp Mar. 15, 18981,794,797 Rockwell Mar. 3, 1931 2,361,434 Switees Oct. 31, 19442,459,643 Hartley Jan. 18, 1949 2,465,677 Deverall Mar. 29, 19492,480,858 Hobbs Sept. 6, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 15,579Great Britain Oct. 4, 1889 489,084 Great Britain July 19, 1938 400,780France June 24, 1909 301,116 Germany Oct. 9, 1917 345,556 Germany Dec.13, 1921

